Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate is a titanium alloy plate with excellent properties. The following is a detailed introduction to Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate:
I. Chemical Composition and Elemental Functions
Titanium (Ti): As the base metal, comprising approximately 90% of the alloy, provides the plate's primary mechanical properties and chemical stability.
Aluminum (Al): comprising approximately 6% of the alloy, primarily provides solid solution strengthening, increasing the alloy's strength and hardness while reducing its density.
Vanadium (V): comprising approximately 4% of the alloy, stabilizes the titanium's β phase, enhancing the alloy's toughness and thermal stability, enabling it to maintain excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures.
2. Physical Properties
Density: 4.43 g/cm³. Low density is a notable characteristic of titanium alloys, giving them lightweight advantages in applications such as aerospace and medical implants.
Melting Point: Approximately 1604°C. This high melting point gives the Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate excellent heat resistance in high-temperature environments.
Thermal conductivity: 6.6 W/m·K. Compared to steel or aluminum alloys, titanium alloy has a lower thermal conductivity, meaning it is weaker at conducting heat, but it is stable at high temperatures.
Specific heat capacity: 523 J/kg·K. It has a high heat capacity and exhibits good thermal stability during heat treatment or in high-temperature environments.
Elastic modulus: Approximately 110-113 GPa. While lower than steel (210 GPa), it is higher than aluminum alloy (approximately 70 GPa). This means that the Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate has good rigidity and can maintain shape stability under high stress, while also maintaining a certain degree of elasticity.
3. Mechanical Properties
Tensile strength: 895-930 MPa, which can be increased to over 1100 MPa after heat treatment.
Yield strength: Approximately 880 MPa, which can reach 950 MPa after heat treatment.
Elongation: Approximately 10-15%, indicating that the material has good ductility and can deform without breaking under high stress.
Hardness: Approximately Rockwell C 36. Its hardness can be further increased through heat treatment or machining.
Fracture Toughness: The Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate has high fracture toughness, meaning it is less likely to break suddenly even under high stress.
Fatigue Strength: As the number of fatigue cycles increases, the fatigue strength of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate can reach 510-620 MPa.
4. Processing Performance
Heat Treatment: Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate often requires specific heat treatments during production and processing to optimize its mechanical properties. Annealing, typically performed in the 730-850°C temperature range, can reduce residual stress and improve the material's ductility and toughness. Quenching and aging, performed in the β phase region at 955-1010°C, followed by aging at 480-650°C, can significantly increase strength and hardness.
Processability: Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate has lower formability than other titanium alloys and requires processing under appropriate temperature conditions. Hot working, typically between 500°C and 700°C, improves plasticity and reduces the effects of work hardening.
5. Corrosion Resistance
Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in a variety of environments, including seawater and chemical processing. This is primarily due to the dense oxide (TiO₂) protective film naturally formed on the titanium surface, which effectively resists attack by many acids, alkalis, and salts. Therefore, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate has a wide range of applications in marine engineering, chemical equipment, and other fields.
6. Biocompatibility
Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate does not cause significant corrosion or biological reactions in the human body, making it commonly used in orthopedic implants and dental materials. Its excellent biocompatibility makes this alloy promising for broad application in medical devices.
7. Application Areas
Thanks to its excellent properties, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate is widely used in a variety of fields:
Aerospace: Used in aircraft and missile structural components, engine parts, and aerodynamic components.
Medical: Widely used in medical devices such as artificial joints, dental implants, and heart stents.
Industrial: In the chemical, energy, and marine engineering industries, due to its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, it is widely used in the manufacture of high-pressure vessels, pumps, pipes, and valves.
Automotive: Used in the manufacture of high-performance engine components and chassis structures.
Sports Equipment: Used in the manufacture of high-end bicycles, high-end golf clubs, and other sports equipment.
In summary, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium plate is a versatile, high-performance titanium alloy. Its excellent physical, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties hold great promise for broad application in aerospace, medical, industrial, automotive, and sports equipment sectors.
