(1) The elastic modulus of titanium is relatively low compared to its tensile strength. Therefore, a larger springback margin must be considered in forming and roller operations. It is precisely because of the lower elastic modulus that the cross-section of titanium parts is slightly larger than that of similar steel parts to achieve the same stability.
(2) Titanium is easy to machine, but considering its tendency to bite (greater than stainless steel) and low thermal conductivity, it is necessary to make appropriate improvements to the commonly used machining techniques and the design of threads and bearing surfaces. At least a rigid machine tool and sharp tools are required. When using, slow speed, large cutting volume, and room for chip removal are used. It is also recommended to use a large amount of cooling lubricant.
(3) The thermal expansion coefficient of titanium is 75% of that of carbon steel. When it is necessary to combine these two materials in equipment design and manufacturing, special attention should be paid to this point.
(4) Since titanium is an active metal when heated to above 600°C, it is easy to combine with oxygen in the air. Therefore, it is generally not recommended to use titanium for a long time at temperatures above this temperature.
(5) When the temperature of industrial pure titanium exceeds 150~200℃, the mechanical strength decreases rapidly.
(6) Hydrogen diffuses faster in titanium than oxygen. Therefore, before hot processing, the heating furnace used should have a slightly oxidizing atmosphere. Although this will produce a relatively thin oxide film, it avoids the deep contamination that may be caused by hydrogen.
(7) Softer industrial pure titanium plates are easy to cold form after annealing; harder industrial pure titanium and Ti2.5Cu require medium temperature processing, and the best processing temperature for Ti6Al4V is 600~700℃. (8) Composite plates can be obtained by explosive welding of thin titanium plates and thick steel plates, which can be used to manufacture high-pressure, high-temperature containers and heat exchangers. However, it is not economically viable to use it to replace integral titanium or set titanium lining plates.
